Astragalus hashtrudicus Ranjbar, a single new species endemic to Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to subgenus Cercidothrix Bunge, section Incani DC., in Astragalus L. and seems to be distinct among the Iranian species. Astragalus hashtrudicus is distributed in northwestern Iran in the Azarbaijan Sharqi province. It is closely related to A. prilipkoanus Grossheim and is distinguished by its pods that are rather densely covered with appressed white trichomes and its leaflets that lack minute dark reddish dots. The conservation status is evaluated as VU (Vulnerable) according to IUCN criteria.